Boycotts of Jews Necessary Dmowski

Swiat Powojenny i Polska, by Roman Dmowski. 1931Roman Dmowski on Jews: Boycotts of Jews Were Necessary. Jewish Poverty Not Poles’ Fault

THE POSTWAR WORLD AND POLAND is the title of this Polish-language book. [Review based on original 1931 2nd Edition]. This work covers the role of Russians, Germans, Jews, and Poles themselves. It provides an interwar vantage point towards the end of Dmowski’s life.

SHADES OF THE MODERN EUROPEAN UNION

Before and during WWI, the Germans hoped for a great, European-wide German empire that they called MITTELEUROPA. (p. 164). After being defeated, Germany never gave up her ambitions for the reacquisition of Polish lands–lands which Germany professed to need. Writing in 1930–long before Hitler came to power–Dmowski noted the aggressiveness of German demands, and German demonstrations at the Polish-German frontier. (p. 64). German nationalism was always animated by arrogance and greed. (p. 66).

THE DANGERS OF THEOLOGICAL MODERNISM

Far from being chauvinistic, Dmowski gave credit wherever it was due. He praised the Protestants for such things as their work ethic, discipline, sense of human responsibility and morality, etc. (p. 293). He also credited Protestants with having achieved many more scientific discoveries than Catholics. (p. 294). Dmowski was repulsed by the development of liberal Protestantism, which devalued discipline and which led to clergy that did not believe basic Christian truths. To him, this was worse than police who themselves commit crimes. (p. 295).

POLISH INTELLIGENTSIA BOOMS IN GALICIA

Dmowski provides interesting details on Austrian-ruled Poland. Much has been said about how the Ukrainian intelligentsia had been a relatively recent development. However, the same was true of the Polish intelligentsia in eastern Galicia. It was not until about 1867 that the Austrian authorities needed Polish teachers, judges, administrators, etc. (pp. 102-105). Dmowski characterized the rapidity of the increase, in numbers of educated Poles after 1867, as unprecedented in comparison with other nations. (p. 104).

THE ENDEKS AND “INVENTED” UKRAINIAN NATIONALITY

In elaborating on the Ukrainians, Dmowski recounted how the German influences (including the HAKATA) and Austrian influences (notably Stadion) had steered Ukrainians in an anti-Polish Ukrainophile direction. (p. 238). On the other hand, Russian influences on Poland’s Ukrainians tended to make them into Russophiles (Old Ruthenians). However, it is false to attribute to the Endeks the premise that foreigners “invented” the Ukrainian nationality. In fact, the relatively small group of Polonophile Ukrainians recognized themselves as a separate nationality: GENTE RUTHENUS, NATIONE POLONUS. (p. 238).

ENDEK LED BOYCOTTS OF JEWS WERE NECESSARY

Dmowski describes the pre-WWI Polish boycotts of Jews as follows: “The Polish nation, which in the prewar years, having become unmistakably aware of the enmity of the Jews towards Polish national aspirations, and, sensing the danger of the growing Jewish population of her towns, began energetically to develop her own commerce and to support this effort by boycotting Jewish commerce…” (p. 319).

JEWISH POVERTY NOT POLES’ FAULT

After the resurrection of the Polish state, Jews voiced constant complaints, most of which were unjustified (p. 322), save for the one about poor Jews getting poorer. However, this was not the fault of Poles (or Jews, for that matter). (p. 323). It occurred as an outcome of the tsarist-created Pale of Jewish settlement. (p. 325). Massive overcrowding of Jews into Polish towns impoverished them. It facilitated the proliferation of all sorts of unproductive make-work peddling among Jews. (p. 323).

In addition, for some time, Jewish middleman positions were becoming superfluous. Jews therefore switched to handcraft occupations–putting them in direct conflict with Poles who were leaving their farms to perform the same occupations. (pp. 329-330). Still, overall, quite a few Polish Jews were well off, even at the expense of Poles. (p. 323).

THE REALITY OF THE ZYDOKOMUNA

The author touched on Jewish political developments. As for the Zydokomuna (Bolshevized Judaism), Dmowski pointed out that both the spirit and the leadership of the Russian Revolution had been predominantly Jewish. (p. 319). As for Zionism, Dmowski, interestingly, foresaw the fact that a Jewish state in Palestine would be the object of massive and sustained Arab enmity. (p. 320).

JEWISH DEMOGRAPHICS

In the decades up to WWI, Poland’s Jews, obeying the Talmud on procreation, enjoyed a higher population growth rate than the Poles. After WWI, adherence to the Talmud declined, and the relative population growth rates reversed. (pp. 330-331). As Jews “opened up” to European influences, Zionism increasingly replaced Talmudic orthodoxy. (p. 330).

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